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Expectations of the Semiconductor Industry for High-Quality Diamonds (Part 1)
Release Time:
2022-10-18
Source:
Wen/Pengcheng Semiconductor;
Semiconductor materials are a type of functional materials whose electrical conductivity lies between conductive materials and insulating materials at room temperature. Their conductivity can vary significantly with temperature, light exposure, and the presence of impurities, especially doping, which can change the conductivity and type of the semiconductor. This is the fundamental basis for their wide application in the manufacture of various electronic components and integrated circuits.
1. Characteristics of Semiconductor Materials
The characteristic parameters of semiconductor materials include bandgap width, resistivity, carrier mobility, non-equilibrium carrier lifetime, and dislocation density.
Bandgap width: Determined by the electronic states and atomic configurations of the semiconductor, it reflects the energy required for the valence electrons of the atoms constituting this material to be excited from a bound state to a free state; the bandgap width is an important characteristic parameter of semiconductors. A bandgap width of zero indicates a metal, a very large bandgap width (generally greater than 4.5 eV) indicates an insulator, and a medium bandgap width indicates a semiconductor.
Resistivity, carrier mobility: Reflect the conductivity of the material;
Non-equilibrium carrier lifetime: Reflects the relaxation characteristics of internal carriers in semiconductor materials transitioning from a non-equilibrium state to a equilibrium state under external influences (such as light or electric fields);
Dislocation density: Used to measure the degree of lattice integrity of semiconductor single crystal materials.
The characteristic parameters of semiconductor materials not only reflect the differences between semiconductor materials and other non-semiconductor materials, but more importantly, they reflect the differences in the values of characteristics among various semiconductor materials and even the same material under different conditions.
As silicon-based electronic devices gradually approach their theoretical limits, research on wide bandgap and ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor materials has become a new competitive hotspot in recent years. Gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and zinc oxide are all wide bandgap semiconductor materials, as their bandgap widths are all above 3 electron volts, making it impossible to excite valence band electrons to the conduction band at room temperature. The operating temperature of devices can be very high; for example, silicon carbide can operate stably below 600°C for a long time.
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In the global industrial sector, industrial diamonds, with their high hardness, high wear resistance, and high thermal conductivity, have become indispensable basic materials in many key industrial processes. They are widely used in core industries such as semiconductors, aerospace, and machining, playing a crucial role in the development of modern industry.
Expectations of the Semiconductor Industry for High-Quality Diamonds (Part 1)
Band gap: determined by the electronic states and atomic configurations of semiconductors, it reflects the energy required for the valence electrons of the atoms that make up this material to be excited from a bound state to a free state; the band gap is an important characteristic parameter of semiconductors. A band gap of zero indicates a metal, a large band gap (generally greater than 4.5 eV) indicates an insulator, and a medium band gap indicates a semiconductor.
Expectations of the Semiconductor Industry for High-Quality Diamonds (Part Two)
The conduction mechanism of semiconductor materials is achieved through two types of charge carriers: electrons and holes, which are classified as N-type and P-type. Diamond, as a group IV element, can be viewed as having a crystal structure formed by two face-centered cubic structures translated along the body diagonal by 1/4 of the lattice constant. Carbon atoms bond with four neighboring carbon atoms through covalent bonds using sp3 hybrid orbitals, forming a tetrahedral structure. By doping diamond with appropriate elements, its electrical properties can be altered, allowing it to be widely used as a semiconductor material in electrical devices.
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